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Visualizing brine channel development and convective processes during artificial sea-ice growth using Schlieren optical methods

机译：使用Schlieren光学方法可视化人工海冰生长过程中盐水通道的发展和对流过程

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摘要

Two non-invasive optical Schlieren methods have been adapted to visualize brine channel development and convective processes in experimentally grown sea ice obtained when a NaCl aqueous solution is cooled from above in a quasi-two-dimensional Hele-Shaw cell. The two different visualization methods, i.e. traditional and synthetic Schlieren optical imaging, produce high spatial resolution images of transport processes during ice growth, without any external perturbation. These images allow observations of the flow dynamics simultaneously within the ice layer, around the ice/water interface, and in the liquid water layer, revealing connections between the processes occurring within the two phases. Results from these methods show that desalination of the growing ice layer occurs by two concurrent, yet independent, mechanisms: (1) boundary layer convection persisting throughout the ice growth period, with short fingers present just below the ice/water interface, and (2) gravity-driven drainage from the brine channels producing deep penetrating convective streamers, which appear after a given time from the beginning of ice growth. The improved visualization and qualitative characterization of these processes show that Schlieren optical methods have exciting potential applications for future study of convective processes during sea-ice growth.
机译：在准二维Hele-Shaw池中，当NaCl水溶液从上方冷却时，已采用两种非侵入式光学Schlieren方法来可视化盐水通道的发育和对流过程，该过程是在实验生长的海冰中获得的。两种不同的可视化方法，即传统的和合成的Schlieren光学成像，可在冰生长过程中产生运输过程的高空间分辨率图像，而不会受到任何外部干扰。这些图像允许同时观察冰层内，冰/水界面周围以及液态水层中的流动动力学，揭示了在两个阶段内发生的过程之间的联系。这些方法的结果表明，生长冰层的淡化是通过两种同时发生的但相互独立的机制发生的：（1）边界层对流在整个冰生长期持续存在，短指出现在冰/水界面的下方，和（2 ）由盐水通道引力驱动的排水，产生深穿透的对流拖缆，这些流拖缆从结冰开始的给定时间后出现。这些过程的改进的可视化和定性表征表明，Schlieren光学方法在海冰生长期间对流过程的未来研究中具有令人兴奋的潜在应用。

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